ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives To identify the epidemiological risk factors for congenital anomalies (CAs) and the impact of these fetal malformations on the perinatal outcomes. Methods This prospective cohort study comprised 275 women whose fetuses had CAs. Maternal variables to establish potential risk factors for each group of CA and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. The primary outcome was CA. Secondary outcomes included: fetal growth restriction (FGR); fetal distress (FD); premature rupture of membranes (PROM); oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios; preterm delivery (PTD); stillbirth; cesarean section; low birth weight; Apgar score < 7 at the 1st and 5th minutes; need for assisted ventilation at birth; neonatal infection; need for surgical treatment; early neonatal death; and hospitalization time. Chi-square (x2) test and multilevel regression analysis were applied to compare the groups and determine the effects of maternal characteristics on the incidence of CAs. Results The general prevalence of CAs was of 2.4%. Several maternal characteristics were associated to CAs, such as: age; skin color; level of education; parity; folic acid supplementation; tobacco use; and history of previous miscarriage. There were no significant differences among the CA groups in relation to FGR, FD, PROM, 1-minute Apgar score > 7, and need for assisted ventilation at birth. On the other hand, the prevalence of the other considered outcomes varied significantly among groups. Preterm delivery was significantly more frequent in gastrointestinal tract/abdominal wall defects. The stillbirth rate was increased in all CAs, mainly in isolated fetal hydrops (odds ratio [OR]: 27.13; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.90-253.47). Hospitalization time was higher for the urinary tract and congenital heart disease groups (p < 0.01). Neonatal death was significantly less frequent in the central nervous system anomalies group. Conclusion It was possible to identify several risk factors for CAs. Adverse perinatal outcomes were presented in all CA groups, and may differ according to the type of CA considered.
Resumo Objetivos Identificar os fatores epidemiológicos de risco para anomalias congênitas (ACs) e o impacto destas malformações fetais sobre os resultados perinatais. Métodos Este estudo de coorte prospectivo compreendeu 275 mulheres cujos fetos tinham ACs. Variáveis maternas para estabelecer potenciais fatores de risco para cada grupo de AC e resultados perinatais foram avaliados. O desfecho primário foi CAs. Os desfechos secundários incluíram: restrição de crescimento fetal (RCF); sofrimento fetal (SF); ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM); oligo-hidrâmnio ou polidrâmnio; parto pré-termo (PPT); morte fetal; parto cesárea; baixo peso ao nascer; índice de Apgar < 7 no 1° e 5° minutos; necessidade de ventilação assistida no momento do nascimento; infecção neonatal; necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico; óbito neonatal precoce; e tempo de internação. Teste de Qui-quadrado (x2) e análise de regressãomúltipla foram aplicados para comparar os resultados entre os grupos e determinar os efeitos das características maternas sobre a incidência de ACs. Resultados A prevalência geral de ACs foi de 2.4%. Várias características maternas foram associadas às ACs, tais como: idade; cor da pele; escolaridade; paridade; suplementação com ácido fólico; tabagismo; e histórico de aborto anterior. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos de ACs com relação à RCF, SF, RPM, índice de Apgar < 7 no 1°minuto e necessidade de ventilação assistida no nascimento. Por outro lado, a prevalência dos demais resultados adversos considerados variou significativamente entre os grupos. O parto pré-termo foi significativamente mais frequente nos casos de defeitos do trato gastrointestinal/parede abdominal. As taxas de óbito fetal foram elevadas em todos os grupos de ACs, principalmente na hidropsia fetal isolada (odds ratio [OR]: 27.13; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 2.90-253.47). O tempo de internação foi maior nos casos de anomalias do trato urinário e nas cardiopatias congênitas (p < 0,01). O óbito neonatal foi significativamente menos frequente no grupo de anomalias do sistema nervoso central. Conclusão Foi possível identificar vários fatores de risco para ACs. Resultados perinatais adversos foram observados em todos os grupos de ACs, e podem diferir de acordo com o tipo de AC considerada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Fetus/abnormalities , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Pregnancy Outcome , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de 63 pacientes con tuberculosis, atendidos en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Universitario "Celia Sánchez Manduley" de Manzanillo, provincia de Granma, desde el 2009 hasta el 2011, con vistas a caracterizarles según factores clinicoepidemiológicos de interés. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, procedencia, factores de riesgo, formas clínicas de la tuberculosis, tipo de tuberculosis extrapulmonares y categoría de casos. En la casuística predominaron el sexo masculino, los grupos etarios de 45-65 años, procedentes en su mayoría de zonas rurales; la ingestión de alcohol como factor de riesgo asociado y las formas pulmonares con baciloscopia positiva como las formas clínicas más frecuentes. La mayoría de los casos notificados fueron nuevos.
A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study of 63 patients with tuberculosis, assisted in "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Teaching Clinical-Surgical University Hospital, Manzanillo, Granma province was carried out from the 2009 to 2011, aimed at characterizing them according to interesting clinical and epidemiological factors. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, origin, risk factors, clinical forms of tuberculosis, type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cases category. Male sex, the age groups 45-65, most of them coming from rural areas; alcohol consumption as associated risk factor and the pulmonary forms with positive bacilloscopy as the most frequent clinical forms prevailed in the case material. Most of the confirmed cases were new.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Risk Factors , Secondary CareABSTRACT
Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 70 féminas mayores de 30 años, pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico de la Familia No.37 del Policlínico Docente "José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta junio del 2011, con vistas a determinar algunos factores de riesgo epidemiológicos asociados al cáncer de mama. Se utilizaron las frecuencias absoluta y relativa como medidas de resumen. Entre los factores de riesgo predominantes figuraron: no realización de ejercicios físicos (84,2 %), sobrepeso u obesidad (50,0 %) y menos de 4 meses de lactancia materna o no ofrecimiento de esta (37,1 %). Se constató que la mayoría de las mujeres realizaban la autoexploración mamaria mensual (54,2 %), pero en 8,7 % de ellas el examen clínico resultó dudoso, por lo cual fueron remitidas a la consulta de Mastología.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 70 female patients older than 30 years belonging to the doctor's office No.37 of "José Martí Pérez" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to June, 2011, aimed at determining some epidemiological risk factors associated with breast cancer. The absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Among the predominant risk factors there were: no physical exercises (84.2%), overweight or obesity (50.0%) and less than 4 months of breast feeding or no offer of it (37.1%). It was verified that most of the women carried out the monthly breast self-examination (54.2%), but in 8.7% of them the clinical examination was doubtful, reason why they were referred to the Mastology Department.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional y analítico, de casos y controles, de todos los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en fase terminal expuestos a tratamiento depurador con hemodiálisis, que no padecían hepatitis C al inicio de la investigación, atendidos en el Hospital General "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2010, con vistas a caracterizarles según variables clinicoepidemiológicas de interés y determinar la incidencia del virus de la hepatitis C en ambos grupos de estudio, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes factores de pronóstico. Se aplicó un análisis multivariado de regresión logística para identificar dichos factores y el peso causal en la infección por el mencionado virus. En la serie primaron el sexo masculino (72,0%), el grupo etario de 45-54 años (21,3%), así como las nefropatías hipertensiva (37,3 %) y diabética (18,7 %) como las causas fundamentales de la enfermedad. Entre los principales factores de pronóstico figuraron las enfermedades hepáticas previas (OR= 4,80), la exposición a hemoderivados (OR=1,46) y el reúso de dializadores (OR=1,38).
An observational and analytic case-control study, of all the terminally ill patients with chronic renal failure exposed to purifying treatment with hemodyalisis who didn't suffer hepatitis C at the beginning of the investigation, assisted in "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2009 to December, 2010, with the objective of characterizing them according to clinical and epidemiological variables of interest and determining the incidence of hepatitis C virus in both study groups, keeping in mind the different prognosis factors. A logistical regression multivariate analysis was applied to identify these factors and the causative influence in the infection by the mentioned virus. Male sex (72.0 %), the age group 45-54 years (21.3 %) and hypertensive (37.3 %) and diabetic (18.7 %) nephropathies prevailed in the series, as the fundamental causes of the disease. Among the main prognosis factors there were the previous hepatic illnesses (OR = 4.80), the exposure to hemoderivatives (OR=1.46) and the reuse of dialysers (OR=1.38).